The three people who were the chief 'planners' and were primarily responsible for Auschwitz - Hitler, Himmler, and Heydrich - were no longer alive after the war. Several others however were ultimately punished. A total of approximately 7,000 nazi men and women, served in the Auschwitz camp complex during the war. According to estimates, 6,300 were still alive after the war. Between 1946 and 1949, approximately 1,000 of these were tracked down, mostly in the American zone of occupied Germany. Between 1946 and 1953, Polish legal bodies pressed charges against at least 673 persons. Most of the trials were held in courts in Kraków and Wadowice. Rudolf Höss, the commander of Auschwitz from May 1940 to November 1943, was hung on the gallows at the entrance to the Auschwitz I crematorium in March 1947. Later that same year, a big trial took place in Kraków and 23 death sentences were handed down to several top officials in the camp. In Frankfort, between 1963 and 1965, a second Auschwitz trial took place and sentenced 22 guards and other SS members. These individuals received only prison terms. Adolf Eichmann, the person most responsible - among other things - for the murder of 440,000 Hungarian Jews was tracked down in 1960 in Argentina by the Israeli Secret Service, kidnapped, and brought to Israel. In 1961, after a controversial trial, he was sentenced to death and executed.